Stuff You Missed in History Class (2023)

2 days ago

Ibn Khaldūn was a Muslim writer who covered history, economics and sociology. He lived during a time of chaos and strife, and his life was mired in the political drama and intrigue of the day.Research: * Alatas, Syed Farid. “Ibn Khaldun.” Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies. Oxford University Press. 2012. * Albertini, Tamara. “Special Issue: Politics, Nature and Society – The Actuality of North African Philosopher Ibn Khaldūn.” Philosophy East & West Volume 69, Number 3 July 2019. * Al-Jubouri, Imadaldin. “Ibn Khaldun and the Philosophy of History.” Philosophy Now. 2005. https://philosophynow.org/issues/50/Ibn_Khaldun_and_the_Philosophy_of_History * Gearon, Eamonm. “Turning Points in Middle Eastern History.” The Teaching Company, 2016. * "Ibn Khaldun Pioneers the Sociological View of History." Global Events: Milestone Events Throughout History, edited by Jennifer Stock, vol. 5: Middle East, Gale, 2014, pp. 239-243. Gale In Context: Global Issues, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3728000758/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=cf4f6560. Accessed 20 July 2022. * "Ibn Khaldūn." Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography, vol. 7, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2008, pp. 320-323. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX2830902289/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=c1137955. Accessed 20 July 2022. * International Horizons with John Torpey. “Ibn Khaldun’s the Muqadimah: The Best Book You’ve Never Read.” With Aziz Al-Azmeh. Podcast. 10/20/2021. https://ralphbuncheinstitute.org/2021/12/20/ibn-khalduns-the-muqadimah-the-best-book-youve-never-read/ * Irwin, Robert. “Ibn Kaldun: An Intellectual Biography.” Princeton University Press. 2018. * Issawi, Charles. "Ibn Khaldūn". Encyclopedia Britannica, 24 May. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ibn-Khaldun. Accessed 20 July 2022.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

4 days ago

We have enough pieces of the story of Rudolf Diesel’s life that remain consistent that we can fairly confidently construct his biography. But the way his life ended will forever be a mystery.Research: * Harford, Tim. “How Rudolf Diesel's engine changed the world.” BBC. Dec. 19, 2016. https://www.bbc.com/news/business-38302874 * “Rudolf Diesel and his invention.” Mercedes-Benz. Feb 21, 2011. https://group-media.mercedes-benz.com/marsMediaSite/en/instance/ko.xhtml?oid=9361302 * Bryant, Lynwood. “The Development of the Diesel Engine.” Technology and Culture, vol. 17, no. 3, 1976, pp. 432–46. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/3103523 * “Dr. Rudolf Diesel Dead, It Is Feared.” The San Francisco Examiner. Oct. 1, 1913. https://www.newspapers.com/image/460520428/?terms=%22rudolf%20diesel%22&match=1 * Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Rudolf Diesel". Encyclopedia Britannica, 14 Mar. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Rudolf-Diesel * “Dr. Diesel Vanishes From a Steamship.” New York Times. Oct. 1, 1913. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1913/10/01/100408236.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0 * “No Light on Diesel’s Fate.” New York Times. October 3, 1913. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1913/10/03/100650746.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0 * “Diesel Family in Straits.” New York Times. Oct. 13, 1913. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1913/10/13/104913506.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0 * “The Tragedy of Genius.” Holyrood Banner. Jan. 8, 1914. https://www.newspapers.com/image/485723537/?terms=%22rudolf%20diesel%22&match=1 * “Diesel Was Bankrupt.” New York Times. Oct. 15, 1913. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1913/10/15/100651861.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0 * “No Ray of Light in Diesel Mystery.” New York Times. Oct. 2, 1913. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1913/10/02/100408778.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0 * “Reports Dr. Diesel Living in Canada.” New York Times. March 16, 1914. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1914/03/16/100084107.pdf?pdf_redirect=true&ip=0 * Lewis, Danny. “When the Inventor of the Diesel Engine Disappeared.” Smithsonian. Sept 29, 2016. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/when-inventor-diesel-engine-disappeared-180960635/#dzfOXtDDTgWXFGi4.99See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Aug 3, 2022

The development of the zipper was oddly arduous, with many fastener versions tried out before the zipper we know today and have on our clothes, handbags, and luggage was finally figured out.Research: * Friedel, Robert. “Zipper: an Exploration in Novelty.” W.W. Norton. 1994. * Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "zipper". Encyclopedia Britannica, 21 Apr. 2020, https://www.britannica.com/art/zipper * Johnson, Ian. “Zipper anniversary: 10 bits of trivia to impress the pants off you.” CBC News. April 29, 2013. https://www.cbc.ca/news/science/zipper-anniversary-10-bits-of-trivia-to-impress-the-pants-off-you-1.1305202 * Lewis, Danny. “One Japanese Company Makes Half of the World’s Zippers.” Smithsonian. Sept 3, 2015. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/one-japanese-company-makes-half-worlds-zippers-180956482/ * “Gideon Sundback.” National Inventors Hall of Fame. https://www.invent.org/inductees/gideon-sundback * Bauman, Richard. “The Ups and Downs of Success.” Fremont Tribune. Nov. 20, 2006. https://www.newspapers.com/image/550483507/?terms=whitcomb%20judson&match=1 * “Gideon Sundback celebrated in a Google doodle.” The Guardian. April 23, 2012. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2012/apr/24/gideon-sundback-celebrated-google-doodle * “Whitcomb Judson.” Lemelson MIT. https://lemelson.mit.edu/resources/whitcomb-judson * “Zipper’s Evolution Slow, Shaky.” Spokane Chronicle. March 16, 1978. https://www.newspapers.com/image/578438126/ * Altrowitz, Abe. “The Zipper was ‘Born’ and Raised Here.” The Minneapolis Star. June 12, 1973. https://www.newspapers.com/image/190250601/?terms=whitcomb%20judson&match=1See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Aug 1, 2022

Ancient cultures all over the world used the pulse as a diagnostic tool. And eventually, we figured out how to measure blood pressure, and hypertension came to be viewed as a disease.Research: * Booth, Jeremy. “A Short History of Blood Pressure Measurement.” Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine. Vol. 70. Nov. 1977. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/003591577707001112 * Elias, Merrill F. and Amanda L. Goodell. “Setting the record straight for two heroes in hypertension: John J. Hay and Paul Dudley White.” Journal of Clinical Hypertension. 9/21/2019. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8030549/#jch13650-bib-0004 * Greene, Jeremy A. “Releasing the Flood Waters: Diruil and the Reshaping of Hypertension.” Bulletin of the History of Medicine, Vol. 79, No. 4, Winter 2005. https://doi.org/10.1353/bhm.2005.0153 * Harold, John Gordon. “Harold on History | Historical Perspectives on Hypertension.” American College of Cardiology. 11/20/2017. https://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/articles/2017/11/14/14/42/harold-on-history-historical-perspectives-on-hypertension * Hay, John. “The Significance of a Raised Blood Pressure.” British Medical Journal. 7/11/1931. * Johnson, Richard J. et al. “The discovery of hypertension: evolving views on the role of the kidneys, and current hot topics.” Renal Physiology. 1/2/2015. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00503.2014 * Kotchen, Theodore A. “Historical Trends and Milestones in Hypertension Research: A Model of the Process of Translational Research.” Hypertension. Vol. 58, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.111.177766 * Labos, Christopher. “The Current Hypertension Controversy: There is None..” McGill. 2/8/2018. https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/general-science/current-hypertension-controversy-there-none * Lüscher, Thomas F. “High blood pressure: new frontiers of an old risk factor.” European Heart Journal (2017) 38, 2791–2794. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehx544 * Moser, Marvin. “Historical Perspectives on the Management of Hypertension.” Journal of Clinical Hypertension. 5/22/2007. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-6175.2006.05836.x * Postel-Vinay, Nicolas, editor. “A Century of Arterial Hypertension 1896-1996.” Wiley. 1996. * Saklayen, Mohammad G. and Neeraj V. Deshpande. “Timeline of History of Hypertension Treatment.” Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. 2/23/2016. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4763852/See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Jul 27, 2022

Griswold v. Connecticut was the U.S. supreme court decision that overturned laws banning contraception – at least, for married couples. It wasn’t the first SCOTUS decision to mention the concept of privacy, but it was a major one.Research: * Bailey, Martha J. “’Momma’s Got the Pill’: How Anthony Comstock and Griswold v. Connecticut Shaped US Childbearing.” American Economic Review 2010, 100. http://www.aeaweb.org/articles.php?doi=10.1257/aer.100.1.98 * Brannen, Daniel E., Jr., et al. "Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)." Supreme Court Drama: Cases That Changed America, edited by Lawrence W. Baker, 2nd ed., vol. 1: Individual Liberties, UXL, 2011, pp. 70-74. Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX1929200026/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=d079c402. Accessed 5 July 2022. * Burnette, Brandon R. “Comstock Act of 1873 (1873).” The First Amendment Encyclopedia. 2009. https://mtsu.edu/first-amendment/article/1038/comstock-act-of-1873 * Cornell Law School Legal Information Institute. “Griswold v. Connecticut (1965).” https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/griswold_v_connecticut_(1965) * Court, U.S. Supreme. "Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)." Civil Rights in America, Primary Source Media, 1999. American Journey. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/EJ2163000097/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=4639ad46. Accessed 5 July 2022. * Finlay, Nancy. “Taking on the State: Griswold v. Connecticut.” Connecticut History. https://connecticuthistory.org/taking-on-the-state-griswold-v-connecticut/ * Garrow, David J. “The Legal Legacy of Griswold v. Connecticut.” American Bar Association. 4/1/2011. https://www.americanbar.org/groups/crsj/publications/human_rights_magazine_home/human_rights_vol38_2011/human_rights_spring2011/the_legal_legacy_of_griswold_v_connecticut/ * Lepore, Jill. “To Have and to Hold: Reproduction, Marriage and the Constitution.” The New Yorker. 5/18/2015. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/05/25/to-have-and-to-hold * Lord, Alexandra M. “The Revolutionary 1965 Supreme Court Decision That Declared Sex a Private Affair.” Smithsonian. 5/19/2022. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smithsonian-institution/the-revolutionary-1965-supreme-court-decision-that-declared-sex-was-a-private-affair-180980089/ * McBride, Alex “Griswold v. Connecticut.” The Supreme Court. Thirteen: Media With Impact. https://www.thirteen.org/wnet/supremecourt/rights/landmark_griswold.html * Minto, David. “Perversion by Penumbras: Wolfenden, Griswold, and the Transatlantic Trajectory of Sexual Privacy.” American Historical Review. October 2018. * Morgan, Jason. “One ‘Right,’ Many Wrongs.” The Human Life Review. Winter 2014. * Moskowitz, Daniel B. "A matter of privacy: Griswold V. Connecticut, 381 U.S. 479 (1965): the underlying right to privacy." American History, vol. 52, no. 3, Aug. 2017, pp. 22+. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A495033804/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=293a39ac. Accessed 5 July 2022. * UK Parliament. “Wolfenden Report.” https://www.parliament.uk/about/living-heritage/transformingsociety/private-lives/relationships/collections1/sexual-offences-act-1967/wolfenden-report-/ * Vile, John. “Griswold v. Connecticut (1965).” The First Amendment Encyclopedia. 2009. https://www.mtsu.edu/first-amendment/article/579/griswold-v-connecticut * Yale Medicine Magazine. “An arrest in New Haven, contraception and the right to privacy.” https://medicine.yale.edu/news/yale-medicine-magazine/article/an-arrest-in-new-haven-contraception-and-the/See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Jul 25, 2022

Courbet was iconic even in his own lifetime. He flew in the face of artistic convention, turned down awards, and ushered in a new movement of Realism in France. He also became embroiled in the country’s political turmoil.Research: * Courbet, Gustave “Madame Auguste Cuoq (Mathilde Desportes, 1827–1910)” The Met. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/436016 * Courbet, Gustave. “Woman in a Riding Habit (L'Amazone).” 1856. The Met. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/436024 * Bénédite, Léonce. “Gustave Courbet: With a Biographical and Critical Study.” W. Heinemann. 1912. * Fernier, Robert J.. "Gustave Courbet". Encyclopedia Britannica, 6 Jun. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gustave-Courbet * Berman, Avis. “Larger Than Life.” Smithsonian Magazine. April 2008. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/larger-than-life-31654689/ * Nochlin, Linda. “Gustave Courbet's Meeting: A Portrait of the Artist as a Wandering Jew.” Art Bulletin. Vol. 49. No. 3. https://www.collegeart.org/pdf/artbulletin/Art%20Bulletin%20Vol%2049%20No%203%20Nochlin.pdf * Macnearny, Allison. “This Artistic Masterpiece Was Destroyed When The Allies Bombed Dresden.” The Daily Beast. April 7, 2019. https://www.thedailybeast.com/gustave-courbets-the-stonebreakers-the-masterpiece-destroyed-when-the-allies-bombed-dresden * Harris, Dr. Beth and Dr. Steven Zucker. “Gustave Courbet, The Stonebreakers.” https://smarthistory.org/courbet-the-stonebreakers/ * Harris, Dr. Beth and Dr. Steven Zucker, "Gustave Courbet, The Painter’s Studio: A Real Allegory Summing Up Seven Years of My Life as an Artist," in Smarthistory, August 9, 2015. https://smarthistory.org/courbet-the-artists-studio/See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Jul 18, 2022

It's time for the July 2022 edition of Unearthed! Part one this time includes updates, some jewelry, some auctions, some books and letters, and some shipwrecks.Research: * Torchinsky, Rina. “2 missing Charles Darwin notebooks are mysteriously returned more than 20 years later.” NPR. 4/5/2022. https://www.npr.org/2022/04/05/1091010338/charles-darwin-notebooks-cambridge-library * Roberts, Stuart. “Missing Darwin notebooks returned to Cambridge University Library.” University of Cambridge. https://www.cam.ac.uk/stories/TreeOfLife * Diamond Light Source. “The race to preserve the oven bricks of the Tudor warship the Mary Rose.” Phys.Org. 4/7/2022. https://phys.org/news/2022-04-oven-bricks-tudor-warship-mary.html * AFP. “Mystery sarcophagus found in Notre-Dame to be opened.” Via PhysOrg. 4/14/2022. https://phys.org/news/2022-04-mystery-sarcophagus-notre-dame.html * Kuta, Sarah. “Long-Lost Medal Honoring Revolutionary War Hero Sells for Record-Breaking $960,000…

Jul 13, 2022

Hobhouse's work in South Africa continued after the second Anglo-Boer War was over, and her work as a humanitarian and peace activist continued during and after World War I.Research: * "Boer War." International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, edited by William A. Darity, Jr., 2nd ed., vol. 1, Macmillan Reference USA, 2008, pp. 348-350. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3045300221/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=de8396d3. Accessed 17 June 2022. * "Emily Hobhouse." Encyclopedia of World Biography Online, vol. 38, Gale, 2018. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1631010793/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=3ffba52e. Accessed 17 June 2022. * Brits, Elsabé. “Emily Hobhouse: Beloved Traitor.” Tafelberg. 2016. * Brown, Heloise. “Feminist Responses to the Anglo-Boer War.” From “The Truest Form of Patriotism: Pacifist Feminism in Britain, 1870-1902.” https://www.manchesteropenhive.com/view/9781526137890/9781526…

Jul 11, 2022

Hobhouse was a pacifist and humanitarian all her life. Part one covers her work exposing terrible conditions at the concentration camps that Britain established in South Africa during the Anglo-Boer War.Research: * "Boer War." International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, edited by William A. Darity, Jr., 2nd ed., vol. 1, Macmillan Reference USA, 2008, pp. 348-350. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3045300221/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=de8396d3. Accessed 17 June 2022. * "Emily Hobhouse." Encyclopedia of World Biography Online, vol. 38, Gale, 2018. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1631010793/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=3ffba52e. Accessed 17 June 2022. * Brits, Elsabé. “Emily Hobhouse: Beloved Traitor.” Tafelberg. 2016. * Brown, Heloise. “Feminist Responses to the Anglo-Boer War.” From “The Truest Form of Patriotism: Pacifist Feminism in Britain, 1870-1902.” https://www.manchesteropenhive.…

Jul 6, 2022

John Bibb is credited with cultivating Bibb lettuce. But his family’s legacy, good and bad, is all tied to having enslaved people build their familial wealth.Research: * Seek Museum. https://www.seekmuseum.org/ * O’Neal, Lonnae. “The bitter harvest of Richard Bibb: A descendant of slavery confronts her inheritance.” Andscape. October 14, 2019. https://andscape.com/features/the-bitter-harvest-of-richard-bibb-a-descendant-of-slavery-confronts-her-inheritance/ * “Bibb Contributed to Logan’s Black History.” March 1, 1979. https://www.newspapers.com/image/554440735/?terms=John%20B.%20Bibb&match=1 * Sanders, “John M. Bibb,” ExploreKYHistory, accessed June 23, 2022, https://explorekyhistory.ky.gov/items/show/47. * “Bibb Town.” The Courier-Journal of Louisville, Kentucky. Oct. 10, 1897. https://www.newspapers.com/image/32971252/?terms=John%20B.%20Bibb&match=1 * “The African-American Mosaic – Colonozation.” Library of Congress. https://www.loc.gov/exhi…

Jul 4, 2022

Deborah Sampson could count William Bradford and Myles Standish in her family tree. That tree didn’t include Robert Shurtlliff; that was the alias Deborah used to enlist in the Continental Army.Research: * "Deborah Sampson." Encyclopedia of World Biography Online, vol. 37, Gale, 2017. Gale In Context: Biography, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1631010696/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=67aa7490. Accessed 13 June 2022. * Cowan, Leigh Alison. “The Woman Who Sneaked Into George Washington’s Army.” New York Times. 7/2/2019. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/02/arts/design/the-woman-who-sneaked-into-george-washingtons-army.html * Davis, Curtis Carroll. “A ‘Galantress’ Gets Her Due: The Earliest Published Notice of Deborah Sampson.” Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society 1981-10-21: Vol 91 Iss 2. https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44517675.pdf * Foner, Philip S. “Black Participation in the Centennial of 1876.” Phylon (1960-) , 4th Qtr., 197…

Jun 29, 2022

Lucy Hobbs, later Lucy Hobbs Taylor, pursued a career in dentistry before that was recognized as an acceptable vocation for a woman. She got told no a lot, but became a well-respected leader in the field.Research: * Kansas Historical Society. “Lucy Hobbs Taylor.” Kansapedia. https://www.kshs.org/kansapedia/lucy-hobbs-taylor/15500 * Hannelore T. Loevy, Aletha A. Kowitz, “How the Middle West was won: women enter dentistry.” International Dental Journal. Volume 48, Issue 2, 1998. Pages 89-95. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1875-595X.1998.tb00466.x. * EDWARDS, RALPH W. “THE FIRST WOMAN DENTIST LUCY HOBBS TAYLOR, D. D. S. (1833-1910).” Bulletin of the History of Medicine, vol. 25, no. 3, 1951, pp. 277–83. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/44443642. * Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Lucy Hobbs Taylor". Encyclopedia Britannica, 10 Mar. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Lucy-Hobbs-Taylor * “The Orphans’ Home.” The Western Odd Fellow. (Topeka, Ka…

Jun 27, 2022

Laocoön is a figure in Greek legend, and the inspiration for a beautiful sculpture in the Vatican Museums. And that work of art has been on quite a journey through time.Research: * “ANN: Archaeologist and art dealer Ludwig Pollak and his family to be remembered by memorial stones.” Art Market Studies. Jan. 7, 2022. https://www.artmarketstudies.org/ann-archaeologist-and-art-dealer-ludwig-pollak-and-his-family-to-be-remembered-by-memorial-stones-rome-piazza-santi-apostoli-81-22-jan-2022-930am/ * Tracy, S. V. “Laocoön’s Guilt.” The American Journal of Philology, vol. 108, no. 3, 1987, pp. 451–54. JSTOR, https://doi.org/10.2307/294668. * Darwin, Charles. “The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals.” 1872. Accessed online: https://brocku.ca/MeadProject/Darwin/Darwin_1872_07.html * The William Blake Archive. “LAOCOÖN (COMPOSED C. 1815, C. 1826-27).” http://www.blakearchive.org/work/Laocoön * Richman-Abdou, Kelly. “All About ‘Laocoön and His So…

Jun 22, 2022

Mother Rebecca Cox Jackson was an outlier among Shakers for a number of reasons, including that she established a community in the city of Philadelphia, which was the only known urban Shaker community.Research: * PBS. “Rebecca Cox Jackson.” Brotherly Love Part 3: 1791-1831. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part3/3p247.html * Weiss, Lorraine. “A Determined Voice: Mother Rebecca Cox Jackson.” Shaker Heritage Society of Albany New York. 1/1/2021. https://home.shakerheritage.org/mother_rebecca/ * Williams, Richard E. “Called and chosen : the story of Mother Rebecca Jackson and the Philadelphia Shakers.” Cheryl Dorschner, editor. American Theological Library Association. 1981. * New York Times. “Charges Jealousy in Shaker Colony.” March 21, 1909. * Hull, Gloria T. “Review: Rebecca Cox Jackson and the Uses of Power.” Tulsa Studies in Women's Literature , Autumn, 1982, Vol. 1, No. 2. Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/464081 * Humez, Jean McMahon. “Gifts…

Jun 15, 2022

Humans have understood how to calculate the length of a day pretty accurately for a long time. But there wasn’t a standard way to approach time on a global scale until the late 19th century, and happened because of railroads.Research: * “INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE HELD AT WASHINGTON FOR THE PURPOSE OF FIXING A PRIME MERIDIAN AND A UNIVERSAL DAY.” (Protocols of the Proceedings.” October 1884. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/17759/17759-h/17759-h.htm * Fleming, Sandford. “Terrestrial time: a memoir.” 1876. Digitized: https://archive.org/details/cihm_06112/page/n17/mode/2up * Fleming, Sandford. “Papers on time-reckoning and the selection of a prime meridian to be common to all nations.” 1879. Digitized: https://archive.org/details/cihm_03135/page/n17/mode/2up * Creet, Mario. “FLEMING,Sir SANDFORD.” Dictionary of Canadian Biography. http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio.php?id_nbr=7370 * Creet, Mario. “Sandford Fleming and Universal Time.” Scientia Canadensi…

Jun 13, 2022

Faliero was the 55th Doge of Venice, a man who was, at least for a time, well respected. But his legacy is that he was the only doge decapitated for treason. Research: * "Marino Faliero." Encyclopedia of World Biography Online, vol. 34, Gale, 2014. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1631010079/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=796d4353. Accessed 31 May 2022. * Cavendish, Richard. "Execution of Marin Falier, doge of Venice: April 18th, 1355." History Today, vol. 55, no. 4, Apr. 2005, p. 53. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A131363600/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=4773db7e. Accessed 31 May 2022. * Ruggiero, Guido. "Venice." Dictionary of the Middle Ages, edited by Joseph R. Strayer, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1989. Gale In Context: World History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/BT2353203009/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=62ef4af1. Accessed 31 May 2022. * Gardner, John. "Hobhouse, Cato Street and Marino Faliero." Byr…

Jun 8, 2022

The Mercator projection gets a lot of grief for distorting the relative sizes of different land masses, but Mercator’s map was actually pretty good at helping people navigate long distances at sea.Research: * "A new view: A new world map projection seeks to minimse the problems inherent in flattening the globe." Geographical, vol. 93, no. 4, Apr. 2021, pp. 6+. Gale In Context: Science, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A669328662/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=ab5b9ea8. Accessed 4 May 2022. * Battersby, Sarah E. et al. “Implications of Web Mercator and Its Use in Online Mapping.” Cartographica: The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization, Volume 49, Number 2, Summer 2014. https://muse.jhu.edu/article/547504 * Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "cylindrical projection". Encyclopedia Britannica, 22 Oct. 2007, https://www.britannica.com/science/cylindrical-projection. Accessed 5 May 2022. * DiSpezio, Michael A. “Seafarers, great circl…

Jun 6, 2022

At a young age, Alexis Soyer became a very well-known chef in both France and England, as popular for his fun personality as for his cooking. But he also left a legacy of invention and charity.Research: * Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Jules-Armand, prince de Polignac".Encyclopedia Britannica, 26 Feb. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Jules-Armand-prince-de-Polignac * Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "July Revolution".Encyclopedia Britannica, 20 Jul. 2021, https://www.britannica.com/event/July-Revolution * Guest, Ivor. "Fanny Cerrito".Encyclopedia Britannica, 7 May. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Fanny-Cerrito * “Soyer stove, sealed pattern, 1953.” National Army Museum. https://collection.nam.ac.uk/detail.php?acc=2002-12-6-1#:~:text=The%20Soyer%20stove%2C%20named%20after,modifications%20for%20over%20100%20years. * Macmillan, Ann. “War Stories.” Simon and Schuster. 2018. * Sandover, Cherry. “THE TRIUMPH OF FAME OVE…

Jun 1, 2022

He’s synonymous with fraud today, but the most famous scheme Charles Ponzi pulled in his lifetime was surprisingly short-lived.Research: * "Charles Ponzi Cheats Thousands in Investment Scheme, 1919-1920." Historic U.S. Events, Gale, 2012. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/BT2359030095/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=2fa9c993. Accessed 25 Apr. 2022. * "Ponzi Scheme." Gale Encyclopedia of American Law, edited by Donna Batten, 3rd ed., vol. 8, Gale, 2010, pp. 32-35. Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX1337703388/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=156ed9f9. Accessed 25 Apr. 2022. * "Ponzi, Charles." Encyclopedia of World Biography, edited by James Craddock, 2nd ed., vol. 34, Gale, 2014, pp. 291-294. Gale General OneFile, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3788300138/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=b742c693. Accessed 25 Apr. 2022. * Baldwin, Herbert L. “Canadian ‘Ponsi’ Served Jail Term – Montreal Police, Ja…

May 30, 2022

Jack Sheppard became sort of a serial breakout artist in 18th-century England. He was a real person who became a folk hero, but many of the accounts of his life are suspect.Research: * Buckley, Matthew. “Sensations of Celebrity: Jack Sheppard and the Mass Audience.” Victorian Studies. 3/1/2002. * Defoe, Daniel (attributed). “A narrative of all the robberies, escapes, &c. of John Sheppard : giving an exact description of the manner of his wonderful escape from the castle in Newgate.” London. 1724. * Defoe, Daniel (attributed). “The History of the Remarkable Life of John Sheppard, Containing a Particular Account of his Many Robberies and Escapes.” 1724. * E., Gentleman in Town. “Authentic memoirs of the life and surprising adventures of John Sheppard : who was executed at Tyburn, November the 16th, 1724 : by way of familiar letters from a gentleman in town, to his friend and correspondent in the country.” London, 1724. * Gillingham, Lauren. "Ainsworth's Jack…

May 25, 2022

As a teenager, Mabel Lee fought for the women’s vote in the U.S. even though she wouldn’t benefit from it. As an adult, she continued to live a life in service, as community and spiritual leader in New York’s Chinatown. Research: * National Archives. “Chinese Exclusion Act (1882).” https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/chinese-exclusion-act * “Erasmus Hall Academy.” National Park Service. https://www.nps.gov/places/erasmus-hall-academy.htm * Yang, Jia Lynn. “Overlooked No More: Mabel Ping-Hua Lee, Suffragist With a Distinction.” New York Times. Sept. 19, 2020. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/19/obituaries/mabel-ping-hua-lee-overlooked.html?searchResultPosition=1 * “New York City’s Chinatown Post Office Named in Honor of Dr. Mabel Lee ’1916.” Barnard College. December 3, 2018. https://barnard.edu/news/new-york-citys-chinatown-post-office-named-honor-dr-mabel-lee-1916 * Hond, Paul. “How Columbia Suffragists Fought for…

May 23, 2022

Cavendish was a prolific poet, playwright, and natural philosopher. She published multiple works under her own name before that was common for a woman, and she published at least five major works on natural philosophy.Research: * Boyle, Deborah. “Margaret Cavendish on Gender, Nature, and Freedom.” Hypatia vol. 28, no. 3 (Summer 2013). Via JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24542000 * British Library. “Margaret Cavendish.” https://www.bl.uk/people/margaret-cavendish * British Library. “Margaret Cavendish’s Blazing World.” https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/margaret-cavendishs-blazing-world * "Cavendish, Margaret." Renaissance and Reformation Reference Library, edited by Julie L. Carnagie, et al., vol. 3: Vol. 1: Biographies, UXL, 2002, pp. 60-65. Gale In Context: World History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX3426300052/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=36cbb94b. Accessed 25 Apr. 2022. * Cavendish, Margaret, Duchess of Newcastle and C.H. Firth. “The life of…

May 18, 2022

As promised, part two covers dental chairs and amalgams, as well as support careers in dental medicine, and a bit about orthodontics.Research: * Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Shamash".Encyclopedia Britannica, 4 Mar. 2020, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Shamash * Hand, Greg. “IDA GRAY WAS A PIONEERING CINCINNATI DENTIST WHO EARNED NATIONAL FAME.” Cincinnati Magazine. Feb. 15, 2022. https://www.cincinnatimagazine.com/article/ida-gray-was-a-pioneering-cincinnati-dentist-who-earned-national-fame/ * Hallmann-Mikołajczak A. Papirus Ebersa. Ksiega wiedzy medycznej egipcjan z XVI w P.N.E [Ebers Papyrus. The book of medical knowledge of the 16th century B.C. Egyptians]. Arch Hist Filoz Med. 2004;67(1):5-14. Polish. PMID: 15586450. * Lorenzi, Rosella. “Bad teeth tormented ancient Egyptians.” NBC News. Dec. 3, 2009. https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna34258529 * Faulkner, Raymond Oliver and Dorman, Peter F.. "Ramses II".Encyclopedia Britannica, 18 Mar. 2021, ht…

May 16, 2022

This first episode covers the earliest ways humans cared for their teeth, including the belief that demons might have something to do with tooth decay. We move all the way up to the 18th century, as dentistry became a profession in the U.S., including a surprising early practitioner.Research: * Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Shamash".Encyclopedia Britannica, 4 Mar. 2020, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Shamash * Hand, Greg. “IDA GRAY WAS A PIONEERING CINCINNATI DENTIST WHO EARNED NATIONAL FAME.” Cincinnati Magazine. Feb. 15, 2022. https://www.cincinnatimagazine.com/article/ida-gray-was-a-pioneering-cincinnati-dentist-who-earned-national-fame/ * Hallmann-Mikołajczak A. Papirus Ebersa. Ksiega wiedzy medycznej egipcjan z XVI w P.N.E [Ebers Papyrus. The book of medical knowledge of the 16th century B.C. Egyptians]. Arch Hist Filoz Med. 2004;67(1):5-14. Polish. PMID: 15586450. * Lorenzi, Rosella. “Bad teeth tormented ancient Egyptians.” NBC News. Dec. 3, 2…

May 11, 2022

Dramatic prison escapes often have some common themes -- they often include a lot of tunneling. Here are six highly ingenious and low-violence prison breaks from history.Research: * "Warriors, witches and damn rebel bitches: The Scotswomen who stood their ground." Herald [Glasgow, Scotland], 15 Sept. 2019. Gale In Context: Global Issues, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A599477490/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=32ea1a50. Accessed 18 Apr. 2022. * Abashiri Prison Museum. https://www.kangoku.jp/multilingual_english/ * Alcatraz History. “The Great Escape from Alcatraz.” https://www.alcatrazhistory.com/alcesc1.htm * Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Pennsylvania system". Encyclopedia Britannica, 20 Jul. 1998, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Pennsylvania-system. Accessed 20 April 2022. * Callow, John. “Maxwell, William, fifth earl of Nithsdale.” Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. 10/27/2010. https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/18413 * Carlos, Ma…

May 9, 2022

Today’s rabies prophylaxis is almost 100% effective at preventing human death from the bite of a rabid animal. How did people come to understand rabies, and then develop a vaccination for it?Research: * Etymologia: Rabies. Emerg Infect Dis [serial on the Internet]. 2012 Jul [date cited]. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1807.ET1807 * Velasco-Villa, Andres et al. “The history of rabies in the Western Hemisphere.” Antiviral research vol. 146 (2017): 221-232. doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.03.013 * Pearce JLouis Pasteur and Rabies: a brief noteJournal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 2002;73:82. * Wendt, Diane. “Surviving rabies 100 years ago.” National Museum of American History. 10/28/2013. https://americanhistory.si.edu/blog/2013/10/surviving-rabies-100-years-ago.html * Blancou, Jean. “The Evolution of Rabies Epidemiology in Wildlife.” Director General, Office International des Épizooties. https://www.vetmed.ucdavis.edu/sites/g/files/dgvnsk491/files/inline-…

May 4, 2022

Theda Bara is often referenced as the first sex symbol, or the first celebrity to have an entire persona crafted by a PR team. Photos of her are synonymous with the word vamp, and 100 years later, still have a certain mysterious appeal. But what was she really like?Research: * “Theda Bara at Quimby’s.” The Times Recorded. Oct. 26, 1915. https://www.newspapers.com/image/284870168/?terms=%22theda%20bara%22%20%22Louella%20parsons%22&match=1 * “Gordon Theater.” Democrat and Chronicle. Jan. 10, 1915. https://www.newspapers.com/image/135289009/?terms=%22theda%20bara%22&match=1 * “An Interviewer Sees Theda Bara, the Mysterious.” Waco Morning News. Nov. 5, 1915. https://www.newspapers.com/image/43896475/?terms=%22theda%20bara%22&match=1 * Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Theda Bara".Encyclopedia Britannica, 3 Apr. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Theda-Bara * Wasserman, Suzanne. “Theda Bara.” Jewish Women’s Archive. The Shalvi/Hyman Encycl…

May 2, 2022

The okapi became known to European explorers in the late 19th century, and then several explorers tried and failed to even see a live okapi. Sir Harry Hamilton Johnston often gets credit for its discovery, but there's much more to the story than that.Research: * “Obituary: Dr. Wilhelm Junker.” Journal of the American Geographical Society of New York, vol. 24, 1892, pp. 148–50, http://www.jstor.org/stable/196694. Accessed 8 Apr. 2022. * “Newly Discovered Beast of the Congo Forests.” Saturday Evening Kansas Commoner. June 27, 1901. https://www.newspapers.com/image/383188816/?terms=%22equus%20johnstoni%22&match=1 * Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "Wilhelm Junker". Encyclopedia Britannica, 2 Apr. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Wilhelm-Junker * L., R.Dr. P. L. Sclater, F.R.S..Nature91,455 (1913). https://doi.org/10.1038/091455a0 * H., M. Sir Harry Johnston, S.G.M.G., K.C.B.Nature120,339–340 (1927). https://doi.org/10.1038/1203…

Apr 27, 2022

The Gallaudet 11 were a group of Deaf men who were subjects in NASA’s research into the human body in the early years of the space program.The transcript for this episode is here: https://bit.ly/3KnAGhAResearch: * Bergey, Jean Lindquist. “Deaf Perspective: Inside View of Early Space Research.” Quest: The History of Spaceflight Quarterly. Vol. 25. No. 1. 2018. * Bergey, Jean Lindquist. “How Being Deaf Made the Difference in Space Research.” Smithsonian Air and Space Museum. 4/7/2017. https://airandspace.si.edu/stories/editorial/how-being-deaf-made-difference-space-research * Calandrelli, Emily. “In the 1960's 11 deaf men helped NASA get to the moon.” Twitter thread. 12/12/2019. https://twitter.com/thespacegal/status/1205258285412020225?lang=en * Williams, Damien P., Heavenly Bodies: Why It Matters That Cyborgs Have Always Been About Disability, Mental Health, and Marginalization (June 8, 2019). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3401342 or http://dx.…

Apr 25, 2022

The pie has been around for centuries, in both savory and sweet forms. But pies have been perceived and presented in a lot of different ways, and have even been an issue of deep contention.Research: * Tanglen, Randi. “A cultural history of pie.” The Madisonian. Nov. 24, 2020. https://www.madisoniannews.com/community/cultural-history-pie * Anastolpoulo, Rossi. “Why Apple Pie Isn’t So American AfterAll.” Food 52. October 8, 2021. https://food52.com/blog/24688-apple-pie-origin-story * Siegel, Matt. “’Substantial, Satisfying, Hard to Digest.’ How Apple Pie is Like America.” Literary Hub. Sept. 1, 2021. https://lithub.com/substantial-satisfying-hard-to-digest-how-apple-pie-is-like-america/ * Snell, Rachel A. “ As North American as Pumpkin Pie: Cookbooks and the Development of National Cuisine in North America, 1796-1854.” Erudit. Oct. 7, 2014. https://www.erudit.org/fr/revues/cuizine/2014-v5-n2-cuizine01533/1026771ar/ * “Pie.” New York Times. May 2…

Apr 18, 2022

It's time for another two-part edition of things that were unearthed in recent months. Today's episode covers updates, lots of repatriations, some mummy stuff, Viking stuff, animal stuff, and a handful of miscellany.Research: * AFP. “Chile's National Museum Of Natural History To Return Easter Island 'Head'.” Archaeology News Network. 2/21/2022. https://archaeologynewsnetwork.blogspot.com/2022/02/chiles-national-museum-of-natural.html * AFP. “Nigeria Returns Two Stolen Benin Bronzes To Traditional Royal Palace.” Archaeology News Network. 2/21/2022. https://archaeologynewsnetwork.blogspot.com/2022/02/nigeria-returns-two-stolen-benin.html * Agence France-Presse. “17 Pre-Columbian Artifacts Returned to Mexico.” VOA News. 2/21/2022. https://www.voanews.com/a/pre-columbian-artifacts-returned-to-mexico/6451918.html * Alex, Bridget. “Archaeologists uncover oldest ochre workshop in East Asia.” Science. 3/2/2022. https://www.science.org/content/article/archaeologists…

Apr 13, 2022

Ivy Lee was one of the founders of the fields of public relations and crisis communications. His approach to public relations was revolutionary for the time, and he helped establish a lot of practices that still exist today.Research: * Auerbach, Jonathan. “Weapons of Democracy: Propaganda, Progressivism, and American Public Opinion.” New Studies in American Intellectual and Cultural History. Jeffrey Sklansky, Series Editor. Johns Hopkins University Press. 2015. * Committee of Coal Mine Managers. “The Struggle in Colorado for Industrial Freedom.” 1914. https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=9kowAAAAYAAJ&rdid=book-9kowAAAAYAAJ&rdot=1 * Congress of the United States. “Investigation of Nazi Propaganda Activities and Investigation of Certain Other Propaganda Activities.” United States Government Printing Office. 1934. https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=shUWAAAAIAAJ&pg=GBS.PP7 * Cutlip, Scott M. “The Unseen Power: Public Relations. A History.” Routle…

Apr 11, 2022

Often, inventions that are made quite by accident end up becoming an everyday part of life. This episode covers two of those: the microwave oven and the chocolate chip cookie.Research: * Balsley, Betsy. “Microwave Ovens Put the Space Age in the Kitchen.” Honolulu Star-Bulletin. Dec. 4, 1968. https://www.newspapers.com/image/271185585/?terms=radarange&match=1 * Ratheon Company. “Technology Leadership.” https://web.archive.org/web/20130322044917/http://www.raytheon.com/ourcompany/history/leadership/ * Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. "microwave oven".Encyclopedia Britannica, 26 Oct. 2018, https://www.britannica.com/technology/microwave-oven * Weiss, Stanley I. and Amir, Amir R.. "Raytheon Company".Encyclopedia Britannica, 7 Apr. 2016, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Raytheon-Company * “Amana.” Whirlpool. https://www.whirlpoolcorp.com/2010annual/brand-amana.html * “Percy Spencer.” Atomic Heritage Foundation. https://www.atomicheritage.org/p…

Apr 6, 2022

After Shackleton’s team abandoned the Endurance to the ice, they faced a harrowing journey over the ice of Antarctica. Meanwhile, the support team aboard the Aurora was also faced with a grueling and treacherous race for survival.Research: * LeBrun, Nancy. “Survival! The Shackleton Story.” National Geogrpahic. Via YouTube. 1991. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sgh_77TtX5I * "Ernest Shackleton, Sir." Explorers & Discoverers of the World, Gale, 1993. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1614000271/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=b93f5648. Accessed 14 Mar. 2022. * Savours, Ann. “Shackleton, Sir Ernest Henry.” Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. 9/23/2004. https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/36034 * "Patience and Endurance; Underwater archaeology." The Economist, 12 Mar. 2022, p. 69(US). Gale OneFile: Business, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A696334375/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=e2fe8a81. Accessed 14 Mar. 2022. * Falkland Maritime…

Apr 4, 2022

Shackleton is famous for his expeditions in Antarctica, but he started his career as a Merchant Marine. Part one of this story covers his early life, early expeditions, and the treacherous start of his most famous expedition, just after WWI began.Research: * LeBrun, Nancy. “Survival! The Shackleton Story.” National Geogrpahic. Via YouTube. 1991. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sgh_77TtX5I * "Ernest Shackleton, Sir." Explorers & Discoverers of the World, Gale, 1993. Gale In Context: U.S. History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1614000271/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=b93f5648. Accessed 14 Mar. 2022. * Savours, Ann. “Shackleton, Sir Ernest Henry.” Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. 9/23/2004. https://doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/36034 * "Patience and Endurance; Underwater archaeology." The Economist, 12 Mar. 2022, p. 69(US). Gale OneFile: Business, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A696334375/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-GPS&xid=e2fe8a81. Accessed 14 Mar. 2022. * Fa…

Mar 30, 2022

This 1956 march was a protest against pass laws that were part of South Africa’s system of apartheid – and specifically the requirement that women carry passes. The protest was simultaneously part of the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa, and the movement for women’s rights.Research: * "Apartheid." Gale World History Online Collection, Gale, 2021. Gale In Context: World History, link.gale.com/apps/doc/NUBLZL400705235/WHIC?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=bookmark-WHIC&xid=a66fcd94 * International Women’s Day. “National Women's Day in South Africa is a powerful day for equal rights.” https://www.internationalwomensday.com/Missions/15556/National-Women-s-Day-in-South-Africa-is-a-powerful-day-for-equal-rights * Akpan, Idara . “The 1956 Women’s March in Pretoria.” South African History Online. https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/1956-womens-march-pretoria * South African History Online. “The 1956 Women’s March, Pretoria, 9 August.” https://www.sahistory.org.z…

Mar 28, 2022

Once you know about Hardy’s life, it's natural to see parallels to the events of his life in his writing. Two women were deeply important to his life and work: his first wife Emma Gifford, and his second wife Florence Dugdale.Research: * “Max Gate.” United Kingdom National Trust. https://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/max-gate * Morris, Steven.”Discovery of letters shines light on Thomas Hardy's second marriage.” The Guardian. April 1, 2020. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/apr/02/discovery-of-letters-shines-light-on-thomas-hardys-second-marriage * THOMAS, JANE. “IN DEFENCE OF EMMA HARDY.”The Hardy Society Journal, vol. 9, no. 2, Thomas Hardy Society, 2013, pp. 39–59, https://www.jstor.org/stable/48563706 * Johnson, Ben. “Thomas Hardy.” Historic UK. https://www.historic-uk.com/CultureUK/Thomas-Hardy/ * Fincham, Tony. “Life of Thomas Hardy.” Hardy Society. Feb. 3, 2019. https://www.hardysociety.org/life/ * Richardson, Angelique. “Life behind th…

Mar 23, 2022

Bruno was a mathematician, philosopher, astronomer, occultist, and according to the Catholic church of 16th-century Italy, a heretic. He met a bad end because of his views, but he started out as a friar.Research: * Aquilecchia, Giovanni. "Giordano Bruno".Encyclopedia Britannica, 13 Feb. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Giordano-Bruno * “Giordano Bruno.” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. May 30, 2018. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/bruno/ * Martinez, Alberto A. “Burned Alive: Bruno, Galileo and the Inquisition.” Reaktion Books. 2018. * Rosenthal, Erwin I.J.. "Averroës".Encyclopedia Britannica, 1 Jan. 2022, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Averroes * Alberto A. MartinezGiordano Bruno and the heresy of many worlds,Annals of Science. 73:4,345-374. 2016. 10.1080/00033790.2016.1193627 * Rowland, Ingrid D. “Giordano BrunoPhilosopher, Heretic.” Farrar, Straus & Giroux. 2008.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Mar 21, 2022

Doña Maria Gertrudis Barceló was a professional gambler and card dealer in New Mexico in the early 19th century. But the details of her life are all over the place, depending on the source.Research: * New Mexico History Museum. “The Gambling Queen of Santa Fe.” Press Release. 8/20/2009. https://media.newmexicoculture.org/release/91/the-gambling-queen-o * Dominguez, Orae. “Maria Gertrudis Barceló, Doña Tules.” New Mexico History. State Records Center and Archives. https://newmexicohistory.org/2013/10/24/maria-gertrudis-barcelo-dona-tules/ * New Mexico Historic Women Marker Initiative. “Maria Gertrudis Barcelo.” https://www.nmhistoricwomen.org/location/maria-gertrudis-barcelo/ * National Park Service. “La Tules, María Gertrudis Barceló.” 3/11/2021. https://www.nps.gov/people/maria-gertrudis-barcelo.htm\ * Thwaites, Reuben Gold. “Early Western Travels 1748-1846, Volume XX - Part II of Gregg's Commerce of the Prairies, 1831-1839.” Cleveland, Ohi…

Mar 5, 2022

This 2017 episode covers the life of Aphra Behn, but there's really not a lot concretely known about the her. In addition to being a spy, was a dramatist, poet, novelist, translator, and the first woman in English literature known to have made her living as a writer.See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Feb 19, 2022

This classic episode from 2018 covers a 1917 event with elements of a labor strike, a wartime hysteria, a vigilante mob, and a mass propaganda effort, all rolled into one. It took place in Bisbee, Arizona, southeast of Tucson and close to the U.S. border with Mexico. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.comSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Oct 30, 2021

This 2017 episode examines how, after a traumatic event, strange things began happening around Esther Cox. In the 1870s, Amherst, Nova Scotia was abuzz with theories as to whether the phenomena were the work of a poltergeist, strange electrical charges, or a hoax. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.comSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Aug 28, 2021

This 2018 episode covers the famed courtier, explorer, historian, Member of Parliament and soldier. He was part of England's defense against the Spanish armada, as well the Tudor conquest of Ireland, some of which was truly horrifying. According to some people, he is now a ghost. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.comSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Aug 18, 2021

Holly is joined by photographer Andrew Feiler, author of “A Better Life for Their Children: Julius Rosenwald, Booker T. Washington, and the 4,978 Schools that Changed America.” Andrew shares stories of capturing these schools, photographing John Lewis, and the legacy of the Rosenwald schools. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.comSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

May 5, 2021

In the U.S., the idea that people should know about the risks involved with the drugs that they are taking is tied directly to the complicated and often troubling history of oral contraceptives.Tracy's Research: * Gutierrez, Kirsten. “Health experts: Blood clots from J&J vaccine and birth control are very different.” WRAL. 4/13/2021. https://www.wral.com/coronavirus/health-experts-blood-clots-from-j-j-vaccine-and-birth-control-are-very-different/19625592/ * American Experience. “Senate Hearings on the Pill.” https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/pill-senate-holds-hearings-pill-1970/ * Thomas, Robert Mcg. Jr. “Hugh J. Davis, 69, Gynecologist Who Invented Dalkon Shield.” New York Times. 10/26/1996. https://www.nytimes.com/1996/10/26/us/hugh-j-davis-69-gynecologist-who-invented-dalkon-shield.html * Time. “Medicine: The Pill on Trial.” 1/26/1970. http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,878746-1,00.html * Gura, Trisha. “Opening E…

Jan 18, 2021

Olympe de Gouges is known primarily for her 1791 pamphlet “Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Citizen.” But her writing and political activity went far beyond that one pamphlet, and she was actually executed for a completely different reason.Tracy's Research: * Douglas, Allen. "Gouges, Olympe de 1748–1793." Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender, edited by Fedwa Malti-Douglas, vol. 2, Macmillan Reference USA, 2007, pp. 657-658. Gale In Context: Global Issues, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CX2896200277/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=GPS&xid=2979d54d. Accessed 5 Jan. 2021. * "Marie-Olympe de Gouges." Encyclopedia of World Biography Online, vol. 23, Gale, 2003. Gale In Context: Biography, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1631008043/GPS?u=mlin_n_melpub&sid=GPS&xid=01a0e821. Accessed 5 Jan. 2021. * HESSE, CARLA. "Gouges, Olympe de." Europe 1789-1914: Encyclopedia of the Age of Industry and Empire, edited by John Merriman and Jay Winter, vol. 2, Charles Scribner's Sons, 2006, pp. 993-996. Gale In Co…

Oct 3, 2020

This 2017 episode covers the story of how, in the 12th century, two children, green in color, appeared in Suffolk, England. The green children were written about in the 12th and 13th centuries as fact, but some people today classify as this tale as folklore. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.comSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Jul 27, 2020

Seneca Village was a predominantly black community that built itself from the ground up. But its story is fragmented. Even though it existed at a time when it could have been fairly well-documented, there was a vested interest in erasing it.Holly's Research: * “Seneca Village, New York City.” National Park Service. https://www.nps.gov/articles/seneca-village-new-york-city.htm * Alexander, Leslie M. “African or American?” University of Illinois Press. 2008. * Wall, Diana diZerega, et al. “Seneca Village and Little Africa: Two African American Communities in Antebellum New York City.” Historical Archaeology, vol. 42, no. 1, 2008, pp. 97–107. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/25617485. * “Discover Seneca Village: Selected Research Topics and Resources.” Central Park Conservancy. October 2019. https://d17wymyl890hh0.cloudfront.net/new_images/feature_facilities/SenecaVillage_SelectedResearchTopicsandResources_2020_v4.pdf?mtime=20200219091534 * Capron, Maddie and Chr…

Dec 30, 2019

It’s time for the end-of-the-year edition of Unearthed! Today we have episode updates, books and letters, shipwrecks, and animal finds, among a few other categories. Next time we’ll have the edibles and potables, clothing and accessories, and exhumations, among others. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.comSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Sep 30, 2019

As promised in July, we have some Unearthed this fall! We've got past episode updates, cannonballs, things that are oldests and firsts, textiles, edibles and potables, and a little bit of creepy and eerie stuff at the end. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.comSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Oct 24, 2018

Among other things, Sir Walter Raleigh was a courtier, an explorer, a historian, a Member of Parliament and a soldier. He was part of England’s defense against the Spanish armada, as well the Tudor conquest of Ireland, some of which was truly horrifying. According to some people, he is now a ghost. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.comSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Jul 11, 2018

Libertalia, which, in truth, may be completely fictional, is called a pirate settlement, though the man who spearheaded it claimed he wasn't actually a pirate. And it was set up as a sort of utopia, where men governed themselves, and every man was equal. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.comSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.

Jan 6, 2018

Today we're revisiting the life of Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier, who was a chemist, biologist, geologist, physiologist, and economist. But at the end of the day, he's most often referred to as the father of modern chemistry. Learn more about your ad-choices at https://www.iheartpodcastnetwork.comSee omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.